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Window Sash Repairs

Sashes for windows must be inspected regularly for signs of mold, mildew and other damage. By catching problems before they become serious you will save money on repairs in the future.

The sash is an internal frame that can move vertically up and down in windows that are open. This article will demonstrate how to perform several simple repairs to sash.

Weather Stripping

Wood window sashes give the classic look to your home and, when properly maintained, they will last for a long time. They may, however, be damaged or degraded over time, due to exposure and normal wear. Sash repair experts can restore windows back to their original condition and maintain their appearance much longer than replacement windows.

The first step for sash window repairs is addressing weather stripping, which can be found on both the sash as well as the frame. It could cause drafts if damaged or is loose. Start by identifying the window brand and the manufacturer's date (etched on the corner of the glass or the aluminum spacers between panes). Then, take the sash off and mark its height and width to find the appropriate weather stripping replacement to match.

Next, remove the sash and place it on a work surface to allow access to all four sides. If the sash is double glazed window repairs-hung, remove the weights using their ropes that should be buried in the jamb lining. Once you've removed the sash and the weights, use a utility knife to cut off the weather stripping that was formerly in place at the corners. Then, remove it by hand or using a putty blade.

Once the sash is clear it is time to replace the parting stops. These are long pieces that split the sashes. Pam likes to replace them with standard 1/2-inch by 3/4-inch window trim from the lumberyard, but you can also use scrap wood.

After removing the stoppers for parting and trimming them to your desired length, apply a thin layer of glazing compound on the bottom of the sash. Smooth the compound using your putty tool and let it dry at least a day. Once it's fully cured, apply a top coat of acrylic latex paint. This will protect the putty, and give your sash a modern appearance.

Sash Hardware

The hardware that supports window sashes may wear out over time and with use. This could result in a door or a window that is difficult to open or close. The good news is that repairing and replacing this hardware is usually very simple and cost-effective. If a sash becomes difficult to operate try spraying grease into the jamb channel then slide it open to see if this fixes the problem. If not, the problem is most likely due to the sash balance and you'll need to take out the sash in order to access the hardware.

Ideally, window sashes must be able to open and close with minimal effort but this is an issue when the weights are worn or if the sash that joins rail isn't properly coated. This issue can be caused by a number of factors, including insufficient maintenance or a mismatched weight rating for the specific sash.

If the hinge arms on the window begin to move, this could cause the sash to drag and then hit the frame at the opposite corner (Photo 1). To fix the problem ensure that the sash is in the proper position within the frame opening and then remove it. If the sash has been fixed to the hinge arm, remove the hinge and replace it. (Photo 2). Then, you can install the new sash (Photo 3).

Due to hinges that are sagging, and a general deficiency in energy efficiency, windows that are old, especially those in older homes, may be difficult to open or close. Sometimes it is a matter of making a few minor adjustments that can help these windows function smoothly again and save homeowners money on energy bills.

To make these repairs to the sash it is important to have all of the necessary tools lined up before you begin. Mark the hinge channel location on the frame (Photo 1) with a pencil. This will help you to place the channel in the correct position after you've finished. Remove the sash, and remove all the hardware, including the parting beads, cords, and chains that hold the sash in place. A hot gun with nozzle shield and medium setting will soften any putty that has been hardened. Remove the old sash and place it in a labelled bag.

Sash Weights

Whether your window sash repairs are to replace a damaged cord or just to ensure that the windows are functional by replacing worn out sash weights will improve sash operation and help reduce energy costs. Sash weights are heavy, lead or iron cylinders that are enclosed in a concealed cavity and connected to the movable sash by rope. These weights act as counterbalances, allowing you to open and close the window without requiring mechanical or electrical devices. The sash-weights are typically neglected or ignored by homeowners and turned into scrap when they fail; therefore you might need to find replacements.

A weight in a sash that has fallen out of the cavity is difficult to get back and you'll need to locate a new one that fits properly. You will also require a new piece of string, a length sashcord and a few sashpulleys for tying the weights you are replacing to the cord.

Older windows made of wood are joined using mortise and tenon joints. The wood pegs that hold the parts together can be removed using the use of a pin punch and hammer. The majority of them are large on one side, and smaller on the other. It is important to first remove the smaller diameter sides. Sashes that were made later in the century utilized glue instead of pegs and can be separated by cutting the glue line with the help of a knife, and then tapping the mortised part loose using a mallet.

After the sash is removed and removed, you can take off the sash stop and gain access to the weight pocket. This is usually done through an opening at the bottom of every jamb. The hole is then covered with the wooden panel which can be removed to reveal the inner workings.

Once you have the sash stopped and the access panel removed, you'll be able to take off the weight of the old sash and replace it with the new. Be sure to weigh the sash before you begin, as the old weights could be different sizes than the one you need. After the new weight is installed you can tie a string around it and then thread it through the sash pulley. Then nail the string to the boxed frame, but leave a few inches of string sticking out from the head for future adjustment.

Sash Cords

Most double-hung windows of the past come with a chain or cord connected to the weights that supports and keeps the sashes balanced in the jamb. Over time, these cords could break, making it difficult to raise the window. A new sash cable will give you the ability to move and lower the sash and ensure it stays in place when opened.

The first step in replacing sash cords is to locate and remove the access panels in the jambs. They are usually screwed or nailed into and must be removed. It is possible to remove them with the hammer or chisel but it is always better to lay out dust sheets before starting any work.

After the access panel has been removed, you can begin working on the sash. Prise the narrow parting beads (also called "tie rails") out of their grooves with flat bar or chisel. It is important to take your time, as these are often wedged or nailed in place. If the sash is still in place, pry the mortise-and tenon joints using a hammer or screwdriver and then take out each wood peg. You should be able to move the sash back and forth freely, although it might require lubrication if it feels stiff.

With the sash open, measure enough sash cord/chain to extend from the pulley on the top of the jamb to the sash slot in the bottom. Cut the cord or chain and attach it in Step 6 above. You can either use a hammer and nail or screws, but nails are less likely to cause damage.

It is recommended to keep the original weights if you have purchased a kit that will replace the counterbalance that was previously installed. They are not expensive and easy to install if you buy them at architectural salvage stores. Based on the size of your window, one or two sash weights could be needed to keep it in an open position.